Switch element for valve actuation in an internal combustion engine

ABSTRACT

The invention proposes a switching element ( 1 ) for a valve train of an internal combustion engine, particularly for valve deactivation, with a simple-to-implement measure for adjusting the coupling lash of its coupling means ( 8 ) in a receptacle ( 6 ) using two retaining rings ( 19, 20 ), one of which is stocked in a variety of thicknesses.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention concerns a switching element for a valve train of aninternal combustion engine, preferably for valve deactivation, having anouter part and an inner element that is axially displaceable in a boretherein, wherein the outer part and the inner element each have at leastone receptacle aligned with each other in an axially separated relativeposition achieved by a lost motion spring, wherein one or more movablecoupling means for coupling the inner element with the outer part areapplied in one of the receptacles toward the other receptacle in theirpositions relative to one another, wherein a first upper stop fordefining the relative position is applied between the inner element andthe outer part, and wherein a hydraulic lash adjuster with a pressurepiston is installed in the inner element, which pressure piston is fixedagainst moving axially out of the inner element by a second upper stop.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

A switching element of this type is disclosed in DE 199 15 531 that isconsidered generic. This switching element is shown as a switchable camfollower for a tappet push rod drive. An upper stop for defining therelative position is realized through a piston-like element arranged inthe inner element. This piston-like element projects radially outwardinto a longitudinal groove of the outer part. In the axially extendedstate of the inner element relative to the outer part, the piston-likeelement contacts an end of the longitudinal groove. The aim of this isto achieve an aligned positioning of a coupling bore provided in theouter part and a piston arranged in the inner element for coupling.

A drawback of this prior art is that adjustment of lash in the couplingis relatively complicated and expensive. It is clear that the receptaclein the outer part (here a coupling bore) for receiving the piston mustbe designed with a slight lash relative to the outer peripheral surfaceof the piston. This lash and a vertical position vary from one switchingelement to the other depending on the manufacturing conditions. Therelatively broad range of variation of this mechanical free travel inthe switching elements is, however, not desirable.

Therefore, to adjust the coupling lash or keep its variance within anacceptable range, the pistons are classified for locking purposes ingroups. This is extremely complicated and expensive from themanufacturing and measuring point of view. For example, switchingelements must be completely assembled, the lash then measured, followingwhich the switching element must again be disassembled and mated to asuitable coupling piston. It is equally conceivable to classify theupper stops on the longitudinal groove of the outer element.

Another upper stop is provided in the aforesaid prior art for a pressurepiston of the lash adjuster and is configured as a ring.

If two pistons are provided for coupling, as is the case in DE4,206,166, the aforesaid stop measures prove to be nearly impossible.The aligned position of the coupling bores situated diametricallyopposite each other in the inner element is realized when the twoaxially movable parts of the switching element make contact with thebase circle of the cam. An adjustment of the coupling lash in this caseis accomplished by extremely complicated manufacturing and measuringtechniques by pairing suitable switching elements (in this case, cuptappets) with cam pairs or camshafts. Under certain circumstances, it isnecessary to tolerate an excessive lash variation.

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

Thus, the object of the invention is to provide a switching element ofthe aforementioned type in which the stated drawbacks are eliminated bysimple means.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This object is achieved in accordance with the invention in that each ofthe upper stops is designed as at least one annular element such as aretaining ring and the upper stops are arranged on top of each other inthe bore of the outer part, wherein as seen when looking into the boreof the outer part, the lower retaining ring forms the second upper stopand the first retaining ring, located above it, forms the first upperstop, wherein variable-thickness first retaining rings andconstant-thickness second retaining rings are provided at assembly ofthe retaining rings, and wherein the retaining ring stack contacts astop such as an annular shoulder of the bore with the first retainingring out of the bore.

Due to the at least two, or two retaining rings, as the case may be, asimple, tilt-free and adjustable upper stop and, at the same time, asafety device against loss of the pressure piston of the hydraulic lashadjuster is obtained. Preferably, two coupling means (pistons) areprovided in the inner element. However, the invention applies equally toembodiments with only one piston or with a plurality of pistons.

The subordinate claim 8 refers alternatively to a method for adjustingthe coupling lash in a switching element according to the features ofthe preamble to claim 1.

The aforementioned means overcome the aforesaid drawbacks by simplemeans and effectively. On the one hand, it is ensured that the pressurepiston of the lash adjuster and thus also the inner element cannot belost (second upper stop) during the assembly of the switching element.On the other hand, the stocking of variable-thickness first rings asfirst upper stops is a very simple option for adjusting the free travelof the at least one coupling element (piston) relative to itssurrounding receptacle. This free travel is preferably adjusted suchthat each receptacle surrounds the relevant coupling element with equalspacing in both axial directions. If the receptacle is a bore and not anannular groove, it is particularly advantageous if the bore surroundsthe relevant coupling element concentrically.

In place of the retaining rings here, a person skilled in the art willconceive of other easy-to-install stop elements such as discs,insertable pins, wedges, rings, etc. Of course, these elements may alsobe arranged at other height levels than on the edge of the switchingelement. If need be, a plurality of retaining rings can be paired torealize the coupling lash or the anti-loss device.

It is thus guaranteed that, in the relevant coupling situation, thecoupling means of a large number of switching elements will alwaystraverse the same free travel in the surrounding receptacle of the outerpart.

As mentioned above, the coupling means is provided preferably in theform of two pistons that extend in the receptacle, designed as a radialbore, in the inner element where they are situated diametricallyopposite each other. This is a particularly tilt-resistant mechanismthat produces only a slight component loading when coupled. In place ofthe radial bore in the inner element, it is also conceivable to use ablind bore or another similar feature.

As a further development of the invention it is proposed, as alreadymentioned, to manufacture the receptacle of the outer part in the formof an annular groove in its bore. This is particularly advantageous fromthe manufacturing point of view. Bores may also be used in place of theannular groove.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, theinner element is secured against rotation relative to the outer part,for instance by a pin-like element. In this way, the coupling means hasthe same position relative to its receptacle over the entire operatinglife of the switching element as at the adjustment of the coupling lash.As a result, tolerances no longer have any effect when the receptacle isconfigured as an annular groove.

It is further proposed in the case where two pistons are used as acoupling means, to have the annular groove intersected by twodiametrically opposite oil passages such as bores. If two ducts situatedopposite each other are provided for the switching element in an oilgallery of a surrounding structure, for example, a cylinder head or aguide for the switching element connected to the internal combustionengine, it is of no importance which oil passage of the switchingelement communicates with which duct. What is important for achievingthe same switching times is that the oil paths have the same length.However, if there is only one duct, a properly oriented installation ofthe switching element is required. In this case, appropriate markingscan be provided on the switching element to facilitate assembly. Ofcourse, the oil passages in the outer part may also be arranged onanother peripheral portion of the outer part so that they are notaligned to the pistons in the coupled state.

In the event that the switching element is manufactured as a camfollower in a tappet push rod drive, as proposed in another usefulfurther development of the invention, and this cam follower has a rolleras a cam-contacting element, it is necessary, also for a correctallocation of the ducts from the ambient structure to the oil passages,to secure the switching element against rotation. Appropriateanti-rotation devices such as flattened portions on the outer peripheralsurface of the outer part are proposed in this connection.

Other elements such as latches, balls, wedges or similar elements thatproduce a positive engagement may also be used as a coupling means inplace of the pistons. If necessary, a combination of positive engagementand force-locking is also feasible.

The scope of protection of this invention extends explicitly to allkinds of switching elements in valve trains such as the aforesaid camfollowers in tappet push rod drives, cup tappets or support elements fordrag levers, etc.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

The invention will now be explained more closely with reference to thedrawing in which

FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a switching element embodiedas a roller tappet for a tappet push rod drive, and

FIG. 2 shows a partial longitudinal section of the switching element ofFIG. 1 rotated by 90°.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

FIGS. 1 and 2 disclose a switching element 1 for a valve train of aninternal combustion engine. The switching element 1 is configured inthis case as a roller tappet for a tappet push rod drive and comprisesan outer part 2 having a bore 3 in which an axially movable innerelement 4 extends. The inner element 4 and the outer part 2 are forcedapart from each other by a lost motion spring 5, not requiring furtherexplanation here.

In the illustrated axially separated position of the outer part 2relative to the inner element 4, the receptacles 6, 7 thereof arealigned to each other. The receptacle 6 of the outer part 2 ismanufactured as a circumferential annular groove. The receptacle 7 inthe inner element 4, in contrast, is designed as a radially extendingthrough-bore. Arranged herein are two diametrically opposite couplingmeans 8, embodied here as pistons. The coupling means 8 are forcedradially outwards (coupling direction) through the force of acompression spring 10. In the radially inward direction i.e., in theuncoupling direction, the coupling means 8 can be displaced by means ofhydraulic medium. For this purpose, the outer part 2 appropriately hastwo oil passages 11 situated diametrically opposite each other (see FIG.1). These passages 11 are configured in the present case as bores andoffset by 900 to the coupling means 8 in the circumferential direction.In useful fashion, the oil passages 11 communicate with two hydraulicmedium ducts from surrounding structure, not explained further here.

A person skilled in the art will further see in the figures that means13 for preventing rotation are provided on the outer peripheral surface12 of the outer part 2. These means 13 are designed here as oppositeflattened portions. This measure proves to be necessary, firstly, inorder to connect the oil passages 11 to their respective ducts and,secondly, in order to properly align a roller 14 with respect to a cam,not shown.

It can be seen further that the inner element 4 is likewise securedagainst rotation relative to the outer part 2. For this purpose, ananti-rotation device 15 (embodied here as a pin) is fixed in the outerpart 2 and projects radially into the bore 3 of the outer part 2. Theinner element 4, in turn, has a longitudinal recess 16 facing theanti-rotation device 15 on the flanks of which the anti-rotation device15 is guided.

The outer part 2 has, in a region distant from the bore, an annulargroove 17 with a stop 18. Two retaining rings 19, 20 are snapped intothe annular groove 17. These rings form a second and a first upper stop21, 22, respectively. As a whole, the retaining rings 19, 20 bearagainst the stop 18. The second, lower retaining ring 19 serves as ananti-loss device of a pressure piston 23 of a hydraulic lash adjuster 24that is installed in the inner element 4. An adjustment of the couplinglash of the coupling means 8 in the surrounding receptacle 6 is achievedby means of the first retaining ring 20 that is situated on the secondretaining ring 19 and is stocked in different thicknesses duringassembly.

It is clear that, after installation of the second retaining ring 19,the pressure piston 23 together with the inner element 4 can no longerbe pushed out of the bore 3 of the outer part 2 by the force of acompression spring 25 of the lash adjuster 24 or by the force of thelost motion spring 5. The pressure piston 23 thus bears against thesecond retaining ring 19 through its edge 26.

Before the coupling lash of the coupling means 8 relative to theirreceptacle 6 can be adjusted, it is necessary to determine this lash.This is done with the coupling means 8 extended. In doing so, to put itsimply, after loading of the inner element 4 and hence its displacementin the bore 3 until a lower surface 27 of the receptacle 6 is reached,the free travel of the coupling means 8 in the receptacle 6 is measured.For a person skilled in the art it is then relatively simple tocalculate, on the basis of the measured free travel, the height at whicha central position of the coupling means 8 in the receptacle 6 isreached. When this value has been established, a first retaining ring 20of appropriate thickness is snapped into the annular groove 17 directlyabove the second retaining ring 19. The lost motion spring 5 thuspresses the inner element 4 with its edge 28 against the secondretaining ring 19. In this position (coupling position), the adjustmentof the coupling lash is completed, advantageously in such a manner thatthe coupling means 8 has an equally short traveling path in both axialdirections within the receptacle 6.

To sum up, the free travel that the inner element 4 traverses relativeto the outer part 2, with the coupling means 8 in the receptacles 6,after successful coupling with the outer part 2 and upon commencement ofcam loading, is kept uniformly small by means of a series of switchingelements 1 in internal combustion engines of the same type. Excessiveand undesirable variation in valve timings is precluded.

Reference Numerals

-   1 Switching element-   2 Outer part-   3 Bore-   4 Inner element-   5 Lost motion spring-   6 Receptacle of outer part-   7 Receptacle of inner part-   8 Coupling means-   9 not used-   10 Compression spring-   11 Oil passage-   12 Outer peripheral surface-   13 Means-   14 Roller-   15 Anti-rotation device-   16 Longitudinal recess-   17 Annular groove-   18 Stop-   19 Retaining ring-   20 Retaining ring-   21 Upper stop-   22 Upper stop-   23 Pressure piston-   24 Lash adjuster-   25 Compression spring-   26 Edge of pressure piston-   27 Lower surface-   28 Edge of inner element

1. A switching element for a valve train of an internal combustionengine, the switching element comprising: an outer part and an innerelement that is axially displaceable in a bore therein of the outerpart, wherein the outer part and the inner element each have at leastone receptacles a lost motion spring arranged between a lower innersurface of the outer part adjacent the bore and the inner element, atleast one coupler arranged for coupling the inner element with the outerpart, through the receptacles a first upper stop arranged to define arelative position of the inner element with respect to the outer part; ahydraulic lash adjuster with a pressure piston installed in the innerelement: and a second upper stop arranged to substantially prevent thepressure piston from moving axially out of the inner element, whereineach of the first and second upper stops includes at least one annularelement such as a retaining ring, the first and second upper stops arearranged on top of each other in the bore of the outer part and at leastthe first upper stop contacts a stop such as an annular shoulder of thebore.
 2. A switching element as set forth in claim 1, wherein thecoupler comprises two pistons that extend in the receptacle forming aradial bore, in the inner element, wherein the two pistons diametricallyoppose each other.
 3. A switching element as set forth in claim 2,wherein the receptacle of the outer part (2) is forms an annular grooveadjacent the bore and is intersected by two opposite oil passages in theouter part, and further comprising an anti-rotation device arranged toguide the inner element in the bore of the outer part (2).
 4. Aswitching element as set forth in claim 3, wherein the anti-rotationdevice includes a radially projecting element which is fixed in at leastone of the outer part and the inner element and is guided in alongitudinal recess of the inner element.
 5. A switching element as setforth in claim 1, wherein the outer part has means for a rotation-proofguidance of the switching element relative to a surrounding structure ofthe internal combustion engine.
 6. A switching element as set forth inclaim 5, wherein the means for rotation-proof guidance includes one ormore flattened portions on an outer peripheral surface of the outerpart.
 7. A switching element as set forth in claim 1, wherein theswitching element manufactured a cam follower in a tappet push roddrive.
 8. A method of adjusting coupling lash in a switching element(1), for a valve train of an internal combustion engine, preferably forvalve deactivation, having an outer part (2) and an inner element (4)that is axially displaceable in a bore (3) therein, wherein the outerpart (2) and the inner element (4) each have at least one receptacle (6,7) aligned with each other in an axially separated relative positionachieved by a lost motion spring (5), wherein one or more movablecoupling means (8) for coupling the inner element (4) with the outerpart (2) are applied in one of the receptacles toward the otherreceptacle in their positions relative to one another, wherein a firstupper stop (22) for defining the relative position is applied betweenthe inner element (4) and the outer part (2), and wherein a hydrauliclash adjuster (24) with a pressure piston (23) is installed in the innerelement (4)! which pressure piston (23) is fixed against moving axiallyout of the inner element by a second upper stop (2 1)l characterized inthat each of the upper stops (21. 22) is designed as at least oneannular element such as a retaining ring (19. 20) and the upper stopsare arranged on top of each other in the bore (3) of the outer part (2),wherein as seen when looking into the bore (3) of the outer part (2),the lower retaining ring (19) forms the second upper stop (2 1) and thefirst retaining ring (20), located above it forms the first upper stop(22), wherein variable-thickness first and constant-thickness secondretaining rings (20, 19) are provided at assembly of the retaining rings(20, 19), and wherein the retaining ring stack (20. 19) contacts a stop(18) such as an annular shoulder of the bore (3) with the firstretaining ring (20) out of the bore (3! wherein provided as the upperstop (21, 22) in each case is at least one annular element such as aretaining ring (19, 20), the bore (3) of the outer part (2) has a stop(18) distant from the bore such as an annular shoulder, and as couplingmeans at least one piston is provided, which extends in the receptacle(7) that is embodied as a radial bore of the inner element (4), havingthe following steps, which may also be supplemented with additionalintermediate steps: a) snapping-in of the at least one second retainingring (19) into a region axially below the stop (18) in such a way thatthe bore-distant edge (26) of the pressure piston (23) of the lashadjuster (24) is pressed by the force of a compression spring (25) ofthe lash adjuster (24) against the second retaining ring (19) and thelatter is pressed against the stop (18); b) displacement of the innerelement (4) in the direction of the bore, with the coupling means (8)extended in the receptacle (6) of outer part (2), until the couplingmeans (8) comes to bear against a lower surface (27) of the receptacle(6); c) measurement of the free travel traversed by the inner element(4) with the coupling means (8) to the point of contact with the lowersurface (27), and d) pairing of the at least one first retaining ring(20) having such a thickness that, upon its subsequent snapping-in to aregion axially below the stop (18), in contact with the second retainingring (19), the inner element (4) is displaced by the second retainingring (19) such that the coupling means (8) extends at an equal distancefrom the receptacle (6) at least in both axial directions.
 9. A methodfor setting the mechanical lash to a predetermined desired value in avalve-deactivating lifter having a pin housing disposed in a lifter bodywherein the housing is retained in the body by a retaining ring disposedin a retainer groove in the lifter body and extends radially inwards ofan inner wall of said body, the pin housing having locking pins slidablydisposed in a transverse bore for engaging a circumferential groove inthe lifter body, said circumferential groove having a locking surface,comprising the steps of: a) installing said pin housing into said lifterbody; b) engaging said locking pins with said circumferential groove; c)installing said retaining ring into said retainer groove; d) biasingsaid pin housing against said retaining ring; e) measuring a clearancebetween said locking pins and said locking surface; f) numericallysubtracting a predetermined desired clearance value from said measuredclearance to obtain a first numerical difference; g) selecting a spacerhaving a thickness equal to said first numerical difference; and h)installing said selected spacer in said retainer groove adjacent saidretaining ring to yield said predetermined desired clearance (lash) insaid lifter.